Importance of a Setting in a Short Story - 1255 Words

The Importance of Setting Setting is the psychological time or place in a story. Setting plays an important role in the success of stories. Three examples of this importance can be explained through â€Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London and â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty. The settings used in these stories set the reader’s mood. A good writer’s depiction of setting puts the reader right into the story. â€Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London takes place on a trail in the Yukon. This setting is vital to the story because nature, the cold and the snow become the the main character’s worst enemy. Nature is flatly indifferent to mankind’s survival. The cold will not change because of man nor does it care†¦show more content†¦The greatest use of irony is when Montresor says he is a member of the masons. Fortunato thinks he means he is of a fellow member of a society when what he really means is that he is a bricklayer about to brick him in for all eternity. This conversation also provides foreshadowing in the story. This is the first clue the reader gets about how Montresor will kill Fortunato. The overall mood of the story is one of impending evil. The ending of the story is filled with suspense. You see Montresor carefully construct each row of stone. At this point Montresor is fully committed to finishing his horrifying deed even at the desperate pleas from Fortunato. When the last brick is set in place, we know Fortunato’s fate has been sealed. â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is set in December at the first stirs of morning. The story features main character, Phoenix Jackson’s, journey through the woods to a town called Natchez. The story describes Jackson with words such as â€Å"granny†, â€Å"old Negro woman† and â€Å"a hundred years old.† The setting plays an important role in this story wi th its black imagery. Not only is the tone and the setting draped with a black overtone, but the main character is as well. The setting helps establish the strong theme of dedication, love and selflessness. A horrible dark and scary setting must be traveled by this old woman in order to receive medication for her grandson. The hardships ofShow MoreRelatedFiction Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesFormat Compare and Contrast Short Story Fiction Essay Jessica Jack Liberty University English 102-B43 Outline for Compare and Contrast Essay Thesis: â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† by D.H. Lawrence and â€Å"The Lottery†, by Shirley Jackson provide two contrasting uses of Setting in a short story which accentuate the importance of the element in a story. One author has the ability to distract the reader, while the other author creates the structure of the story. 1. Introduction a. ARead MoreEssay on the setting of there will come soft rains786 Words   |  4 PagesEssay on the setting of â€Å"August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains† by Ray Bradbury In â€Å"August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains†, a short story by world renown author Ray Bradbury, the narrator tells the story of a house in Allendale California, in the year 2026. The setting in this short story is very particular; it is set in a post-apocalyptic world that most likely illustrates the aftermath of a devastating nuclear war. The story takes place over the course of one day: â€Å"August 4, 2026†. The houseRead MoreDevices In The Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell876 Words   |  4 Pagespossess the ability to reason. Other animal species only have instinct, thus making them less smart. In Richard Connell’s short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†, it tells of a hunter named Rainsford who got stranded on Ship-Trap Island. Zaroff hunted Rainsford on the island, but in the end Rainsford killed Zaroff . In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†, the author uses imagery, setting, and characterization to suggest that instinct is better than reasoning. Stress is caused when the body perceives a threatRead MoreScarlet Ibis868 Words   |  4 Pageselements that combine together to create the theme and mood of a story. In the short story, â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis,† the author, James Hurst, demonstrates the use of literary elements and the importance of vital life lessons. The mood in this short story is deeply nostalgic and melancholy. The narrator faces the difficult obstacle of his pride vs. Himself (which is also the critical theme of the story). In the story, Hurst uses the elements of setting, foreshadowing, and symbolism to create a bittersweet, nostalgicRead MoreSummary Of Hills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway940 Words   |  4 PagesSeptember 2015 Importance of Setting in â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills like white Elephants† is a minimalistic story about a young American girl named Jig and her lover, an American man. Throughout the story, Hemmingway uses an abundant amount of dialogue so the reader can interpret that Jig and the man are contemplating some decision. Arguably, the setting is the most important aspect of â€Å"Hills like White Elephants†, and Ernest Hemingway uses setting subtly but effectivelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Daniel Orozco s Orientation 1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe Analysis of Daniel Orozco’s â€Å"Orientation† In the short story, â€Å"Orientation†, by Daniel Orozco there is a major contrast in the setting of the workplace and of the detailed descriptions of those who work there. Orozco successfully utilizes the literary elements of tone, symbolism, setting, point of view, characters and structure to emphasize the idea that a workplace does not successfully identify those who are employed. In the story, the narrator is giving a somewhat unusual orientation toRead MoreA Rose For Emily And Barn Burning By William C. Faulkner949 Words   |  4 Pagesmost unique short stories were written by William C. Faulkner who embodied the Southern sensibility, and to this day his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Faulkner was born from a rich family who had accumulated wealth before the Civil War, but like many families in the South they had lost all of it during the conflict. His family moved to Oxford, Mississippi which is the basis for the fictional town of Jefferson in most of his s tories from Yoknapatawpha County. Faulkner’s stories create a moodRead MoreCharacterisation In Nadine Gordimers The Moment Before The Gun Went Off 1577 Words   |  7 Pagesexplores the characterisation of the main characters in Nadine Gordimers The Moment before the Gun Went Off, a short story about the shooting of a black man in the years of the apartheid, and Margaret Atwoods Death by Landscape, a short story about a womans painful memories. I will begin by looking at the main themes the two short stories have in common. Considering also the different settings and the society portrayed in the texts. Both Gordimers The Moment before the Gun Went Off and AtwoodsRead MoreEvaluation Argument Hills Like White Elephants1388 Words   |  6 Pageswhite elephant is an idiom for a valuable but burdensome possession, but also it means a rare and sacred creature. In Ernest Hemingway’s short story Hills Like White Elephants, Hemingway uses an unborn child as a white elephant. This short story depicts a couple of an American man and young women at a train station somewhere in Spain. Hemingway tells the story from watching the couple from across the bar and listening to their troublesome conversation. Through overhearing the couple’s conversationRead MoreThe Use of Language in The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe625 Words   |  3 PagesEdgar Allan Poe became an author that has grasped the importance of language in his short stories to form the perfect mood and the ability to affect his readers emotionally. 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How Relations between Superpowers Worsened between 1959...

How Relations between Superpowers Worsened between 1959 and the Summer of 1962 There are many reasons why relations between the superpowers worsened between 1959 and the summer of 1962. The USA and USSR were already enemies. This was because they both represented different ideas. The USA was capitalist, however, The USSR was communist whose beliefs clashed with Capitalism. Superpower relations were based on fear and suspicion. They both tried to restrict the influence of the other. In 1947 the Truman Doctrine was published by the US president Harry Truman. It offered help to any country that was being threatened either from or within its own borders. This was USA using its power and wealth to†¦show more content†¦They tried to have bigger better bombs than the superpower. In 1962 both leaders were testing nuclear bombs. This is when they decided to test in Cuba. This lead to the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. Overall relations worsened between superpowers in many different ways ranging from small to large issues. I think the most important factor in worsening relations was the changes in Cuba, If these had not taken place then Castro would not have eventually asked for help from the USSR and a war may not have taken place in Cuba. I think all the of things that took place more important though some were more than others. They all linked together and eventually caused a Cuban Missile crisis to take place in 1962. 2) Why did a crisis develop in 1962 about Cuba? A crisis developed in 1962 for many reasons. Firstly a crisis developed because of 2 reasons, competition and Arms rivalry. Competition was events such as the arms race where both sides fought to have bigger better weapons than the other side. They also competed against each other through sport, trying to win the most Olympic gold’s and competed by trying to influence peoples beliefs and getting more people to support their ideology, either communism or capitalism. There was also Arms rivalry which was similar as this was also competing for better weapons. This all contributed to a crisis developing because they were bothShow MoreRelatedRelations between the Superpowers between 1959 and the Summer of 19621056 Words   |  5 PagesRelations between the Superpowers between 1959 and the Summer of 1962 1) Describe how relations between the superpowers worsened between 1959 and the summer of 1962. The allies were divided after defeating Germany and the relationship between superpowers worsened between 1959 and 1962. These two nations became the superpowers because they had greater military and economic resources than anyone else. They had tried to embarrass, humiliate and defeat each other in everythingRead MoreThe Relationship of USA and Russia: Cubas Negative Impact Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesThe Relationship of USA and Russia: Cubas Negative Impact The relationship between the two superpowers of USA and Russia worsened between 1959 and the summer of 1963 because of Castro’s revolution in Cuba. This increased tensions between the two superpowers, as Castro was a Marxist who had overthrown Batista who was a pro America dictator. This angered America as now they had a communist country right next to them. America did not want communism to spread out

The Effects of the Marketing Mix

Question: Analyze the effects of the marketing mix. Answer: Introduction: Marketing is not just advertising and selling but involves a set of activities. A vital management process ensures producers to interpret market demand and reach the target customers. The process of marketing is vital to both large and small business organization to understand the competitive market and making certain to capture the crucial trends, reaching the target group with the right product at the right time, price and place. In the contemporary technologically innovative digital world, communication has effectively improved (Armstrong et al., 2014). This innovation has also offered new marketing tools and techniques for more effective marketing. Nowadays, as aggressive marketing increased, marketing skills are one of the most important attributes of employees and managers. Which once regarded as a departmental commotion now considered as an innovative business approach for a business organization. The marketers who strategically plan and execute marketing strategy contribute t o the overall goals and development of a business organization (Boone Kurtz, 2013). Strategically planned and implemented marketing strategy retains customers, improves sales figures and increase revenue earning, producing prosperity for the organization. Implementing strategic marketing structure is essential to reach organizational goals and objective. It enables a business organization to sketch market activities in advance, analyzing what works, and implementing in effectively where they are most relevant. Apple has an extensive product line, which the company has to offer for its customers. Apple has a product line of smartphones, and they have varied types to meet the diverse requirements of their diverse consumer segments. Smartphone Industry: Smartphones are an important useful and compact electronic device that fits in an individual's pocket in both budget and size. It has become an integral part of an individual's life mostly in urban population. In the contemporary world, people are more inclined to use smartphones rather than desktop computer or laptops, as it is equivalent to a laptop or desktop. The Smartphone industry is one of the fastest growing industries globally and expanding quickly as the emergence of new markets in developing countries. From its time of introduction in 2007 by Apple, it has changed a lot to meet customer demand and sustain in the competitive market. The high-end Smartphone market is very productive and viable (Bosomworth, 2013). The industry shall persist to develop, and innovative as customer demands and requirements are varying with todays innovative technology industry. (Refer to Appendix 2). Branding Strategy of Apples iPhones: Development of a marketing strategy begins with a comprehensive and continuing analysis of the market and segments. Business organizations look at the cultural, social, economic, political, technological trends that are influencing the market, their situation within the market, and the assets, they can assemble to modify or influence it which known as the marketing audit. A marketing plan explaining purposes, intentions and performance measures then planned, along with a revenue budget. While detailed objectives identified, substitutes to the status quo need to discuss and selecting alternatives in achieving them. IPhones has created a brand image, which cares for customers emotions. It is about how iPhones experience makes an individual feel. The iPhones brand individuality is regarding lifestyle; liberty regained; innovation; imagination; hopes, dreams; passion; and aspirations; and individuals feel the authority and power utilizing technology. The brand brings a sense of community or oneness among the users. The brand equity of iPhones is comparatively high in context to its competitors. Apple has been collaborating with marketing and other corporate departments and activities like production finance, research, and development that are essential to successfully executing the marketing strategy of iPhones. Apple has successfully implemented the above-discussed eight Ps of marketing in launching and suitably promoting iPhones product lines. The recent venture is iPhone 6 plus. Apple prolonged its product range and profitably immerged as an innovative and leading international technology corpo rate organization. (Refer to Appendix 3). Marketing Mix: Marketing mix cannot be described as a scientific theory, but simply a theoretical framework that classifies the primary decisions marketers formulate in positioning or putting together in a particular order the product or service to go with consumers demands. The marketing tools used to formulate both long-term strategies and short-term strategic programs. The extent in the marketing mix can change as it differs from the product-to-product (Kotler, 2012). The eight Ps in Marketing Mix of Apple iPhones: Product: The product is the main component that the business organization is offering to its consumers. It can be a physical product, such as a mobile phone, bicycle; a service, such as a consultation, massage; or everything that the business organization can trade with customers. The key choice about the product relies on its usefulness, value, and branding. On the other hand, business organizations as well necessitate judging its styling, security, guarantee, presentation, sustainability and after sales services. A product should meet market demand to sustain a particular target market. A marketers familiarity and awareness of the particular target market and the possible competitors in the existing market will put aside the product, gaining competitive advantage, and avoiding valuable blunders. In June 2007, Apple Inc. introduced the first generation of iPhones. Ever since, the Apple has established its significant position in the competitive market of smartphones and developing brand loya lty globally as the iPhones are uniquely built and not easy to imitated by other business organizations to produce me too products" on the lower price (Apple, 2016). Apple iPhones has successfully maintained the two important characteristics of the product that is, technological improvement and innovation and maintaining the strong brand image, that are supposed to include a lot to the development of the alleged value advantage. (Refer to Appendix 1). Pricing: The price of a product is not merely the value that a business organization assigns for a particular product; rather it includes a complete succession of decisions about how the price will be assigned and accustomed." The most important concern is the pricing strategy the business organization will trail before launching a market. For instance, the business organization can scan the market by fixing a high price and targeting only the rich customers, or it can strategize mass marketing the product by allocating a more affordable pricing. A business organization as well requires considering how it determines to fix the cost for different channels; whether the product should go for collaboration for lower the cost; if the organization is in a situation to effort for price discrimination in the market. The strategic pricing approach needs to reflect the suitable positioning of the product in the market and outcome in a pricing that protects the cost per unit and comprises a profit margi n. The consequence should be neither wolfish nor reserved. Apple Inc. increases their small wholesale discounts to resellers with additional considerable monetary incentives if the resellers promote Apple iPhone products at or higher than a certain cost, which is known as the minimum advertised price (MAP). (Burgess, 2012).By this process retailers create extra revenue per unit sale, on the other hand, MAP put a stop from presenting customers major discounts, as a result of the nearly uniform Apple pricing that is customers across the globe are used to. This pricing strategy assists Apple in a many ways. Primary, Apple creates more revenue on direct sales and does not have to struggle alongside marked-down prices offered by resellers. As Apples retail outlets are the most commercially successful globally, subverting the smartphones prices for the reason of a wider supply system would be damaging. Place: The place usually concerns the distribution and availability of the product. Therefore, it refers to where the customers avail it. The main task of a manager to strategically analyze and select the productive and effective supply and distribution channels, counting conventional retail outlets, direct promotion, online promotion, etc. Moreover, the business requires considering how it will cover the market, and how it will manage its store and supplies, warehouses, supply centers and shipments and transportation. This element of the marketing mix greatly associated with a business organizations operations and operational competence. The Apple Inc. management has constantly intended on immense distribution globally (Online sales, traditional brick, and mortar retail shops, and other channels). Apple stores have dedicated corner, which dedicated to the iPhones to make sure a transparent understanding and cognizance of the usage of iPhones to the visiting customers in the store. The pres entation and display of the iPhones in the Apple outlets are impressive which helps iPhones to gain competitive advantage. Keeping a strong hold on the pricing of its products, Apple decreases the possibility of potential conflict within the distribution channels; it also ensures keep the retail operations working in the secrecy. Promotion: Promotion is most likely the element of the marketing mix that people most connected using the term marketing. The promotion concerns to the different marketing communications utilized by a business organization. Promotional mix includes advertising, sales promotions, public relations and publicity, as well the largely the promotional strategy, for instance, if the organization will mainly apply intensive marketing, technology push or consumer pull. (Kotler, 2016). Lastly, a business organization needs to judge how promotional budget best suited to the selected promotional strategy. Apple Inc. endorses the Apple iPhones through media promotions that used in incorporates the planned communication to the customers. Nearly all of the promotions demonstrate the iPhones touch screen functionality that makes it in the competition. The promotions of iPhones are attractive, innovative and unique. Apples marketing department before starting a promotional campaign, call for its advertising age ncy to investigate on media consumer patterns and selects the suitable time for the targeted audience at the time of the product introduction. Apple maintains regular publicity to make certain that the awareness acknowledged by the targeted audience is as much as necessary to maintain the product rolling in the market. People: People are possibly the fundamental aspect of any marketing mix, although it plays the significant function in the marketing of services. People symbolize the employees, and anyone else who communicates with customers on behalf of the organization, and their actions can have an effect on the customers buying behavior (Turnbull, Valla, 2013). The important, crucial concern people mix to educate employees to respond efficiently to meet customer requirements, on top to guarantee that all employees are conscious of the organization's policy towards its customers. The above can maintain with the development of an effective customer-oriented organizational culture. All the above attributes are applied by Apple to educate and train their staffs and employee to ensure that they are knowledgeable and ready to answer any quire by prospective customers or effectively handling customer questions and obligations. Process: The process explains the process with which customers are provided with product or service and is mainly applicable to service industries. As a result, consumers not only suppose an assured quality of service, other than which also look forward to receiving an equivalent intensity of service to other clients of the organization. As a result, the organization should make sure that the process delivered to the premier quality and maintained balance in the process for all customers. In reality, problems and conflicts arise if a particular customer is given importance or the vice versa, which can lead customers to consider they are being treated as less important. Apple controls the whole experience, from the limited range of products on the shelves, to the training of the young, intentionally geeky/hip employees, to the manner in which some stores are designed with architectural flourishes normally reserved for museums, to the tech support received at the Genius Bar, to the educational classes offered in stores for using Apple products. (Apple, 2016). According to market experts, the factor, which other smartphones companies do not duplicate, is Apple's customer service that is undoubtedly superb, others do not realize the importance of it. Therefore, Apples great customer service is one of the reasons for iPhones continuing success in the competitive market. Physical Evidence: Physical evidence is one more vital element of services marketing and information marketing. The reason is that services and information condition tend does not have any physical outcomes. Whereas in the case of a physically obtainable product, if a customer is not satisfied or find defects within the product can return it, but in the service industry, once a service is commenced and if it does not meet customers need cannot be returned or exchanged. Thus in service industry customer often go through distress and confusion before buying a service, principally in remote distribution channels like the internet. To overcome this, business organizations required offering physical evidence, like, photograph, customer testimonials or data and information, which sustain the claims about the quality and value of the service. To ensure that the customers got a good and connected after sales service, it has opened 416 Apple stores around the globe. Apple iPhones have the good image in the cont ext of after sales service. The spectacular rise in iPhones reliability attain also reflects not only after-sales service but a lesser possibility of running into any problems which need support. Productivity and Quality: This aspect solely dedicated to service marketing. Productivity and quality have been known that general productivity and effectiveness of a business organization may be largely effected by focusing on not on promotion and sales but also concentrating on the reduction of the overall cost of the delivered service. In services management, regularly the unpredictable costs are more than fixed costs, and so are incremental costs, these costs are strategically managed which will largely affect on productivity. As a result, a business organization can significantly gain by appropriate re-engineering of processes and altering if necessary to upgrade the productivity of the service. According to market scholars, the process improvements bring improved consistency and therefore superior worth in services. Quality cognizance is an essential distinguishing reason on services management and for sustainability of the service. Business Process Remodeling can direct to key effectiveness process imp rovements, which all over again can affect quality as is truly delivered to the customers by the service organization. In 2012, there was a massive complain about the iPhones 5's Apple Maps usability and camera problems. Apple's management took instant action, apologized publically, and reduced its production for quality control measures. Apple's management has always been strict and promotes in maintaining the quality of products including iPhones. Recommendations: Apple is one of the best global IT Company, leading worldwide. Despite being the market leader in smartphones and launching successful product line on the brand name Apple iPhones, they too have some shortcomings and customer grievances regarding product and services. The author would like to recommend the follow according to his study and findings in this report. The Company should emphasize on the effectiveness of the internal storage of iPhones as some of the customers complaints raise the issue of reduced internal data storage regardless of what been offered (128GB internal storage). More and more alternative inexpensive smartphones are coming on the market, the management should produce affordable iPhones to attract the huge customers from the developing nations as they are price sensitive. The hardware of IPhones has many complaints like not waterproof, overheating and poor battery life. To maintain the leading position in the market, Apple should not only invest and concentrate on branding but also upgrade its products with innovation and technology to meet the rising techno-sophisticated consumers. Conclusion: In the above study, it is observed that how the world is an ever changing place and changing market demand and requirements. An individual is very unambiguous about personal needs and requirements. Here in the report, the author has critically analyzed the effects of the marketing mix has helped Apple iPhones to create a strong brand image the competitive market of the smart phone industry. Apple's iPhones identified for bringing pioneering, innovative, comprehensible products, which have turned into enormously admired in the market. The market audit of iPhones has conducted in the above study analyzing the cultural, social, economic, political, technological trends that are influencing the market, their situation within the market, and the assets, they can assemble to modify or influence. The report is concluded by accepting the various factors that Apple implement to attain sustaining the leading position in smartphones industry. Reference: Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014).Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Boone, L., Kurtz, D. (2013).Contemporary marketing. Cengage Learning. Bosomworth, D. (2013). Mobile marketing statistics 2015.Smart Insights site. Burgess, J. (2012).The iPhone Moment, the Apple Brand and the creative consumer: From hackability and usability to cultural generativity(pp. 28-42). Routledge. Cecere, G., Corrocher, N., Battaglia, R. D. (2015). Innovation and competition in the smartphone industry: Is there a dominant design?.Telecommunications Policy,39(3), 162-175. Chen, H., Liu, F., Dai, T. (2013). Chinese consumers' perceptions toward smartphone and marketing communication on the smartphone.Mobile Marketing International Journal of,38. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Sage Publications. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Sage Publications. East, R., Wright, M., Vanhuele, M. (2013).Consumer behavior: applications in marketing. Sage. Goi, C. L. (2015). Marketing Mix: A review of'P'.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2005. Gustafsson, A., Herrmann, A., Huber, F. (Eds.). (2013).Conjoint measurement: Methods and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Hanssens, D. M., Pauwels, K. H., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M., Yildirim, G. (2014). Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions.Marketing Science,33(4), 534-550. iPhone - Why theres nothing quite like iPhone. - Apple. (2016). Apple. Retrieved 30 May 2016, Lantos, G. P. (2015).Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Meyer, T. G. (2012).Path Dependence in Two-sided Markets: A Simulation Study on Technological Path Dependence with an Application to Platform Competition in the Smartphone Industry. Tobias Georg Meyer. Philip, K. (2016). Marketing Management-Millennium Edition. Shimp, T., Andrews, J. C. (2013).Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Son, I., Lee, H., Kim, J. (2015). Preannouncement Effect of Innovative New Product on Global Telecom Industry: Focused on iPhone.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(24). Turnbull, P. W., Valla, J. P. (Eds.). (2013).Strategies for international industrial marketing. Routledge.

Tqm Quiz free essay sample

Your Dashboard will show this lesson is complete the next time you click the Dashboard link. * = Your answer was correct  Ã‚   * = Your answer was incorrect and the correct answer is in red. | 1. Investing in the same TQM Initiative round after round will create   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. ever increasing returns B. diminishing returns C. the same amount of return With sufficient investment, initiatives will improve processes and quality to the greatest extent possible, however, each initiative will reach a point where no further improvement is possible, therefore the investments create no additional returns. 2. According to the S-Shaped curve, diminishing returns for a single year budget become noticeable at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. $1,000,000 B. $1,500,000 C. $2,000,000 The S-Shaped curve predicts return on investment. Depending on the slope of the curve, the return on investment can be small or large. For example, suppose a project is budgeted at $500,000. This project might go through a plann ing stage that produces a set of recommendations, but there is no money left to implement the recommendations. We will write a custom essay sample on Tqm Quiz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At $1,000,000, sufficient funds are available to plan, and begin implementing the recommendations. At $1,500,000, the budget is sufficient to plan and put in place most of the recommendations. At $2,000,000, all of the recommendations have been implemented, and additional money beyond that level has little or no effect. | 3. If a company with low automation wanted to invest in a single area that exclusively lowers labor costs, they would select:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. QIT (Quality Initiative Training) B. Concurrent Engineering C. Vendor/JIT (Just in Time [Inventory]) The TQM area allows teams with an established strategy to invest in areas which will benefit them the most. For example, if a team formulates a strategy that sacrifices labor cost so it can complete RD projects faster, it would want to invest in QIT, which reduces labor costs. | 4. The exact outcome of TQM efforts appear on the TQM Report, and as bar charts on the TQM spreadsheet. These results are for   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. the previous round only B. the upcoming round only C. cumulative for the previous and all remaining rounds (assuming no additional investment is made)   TQM investments take effect the year they are made, and are cumulative, paying off year after year. | 5. The TQM report can be accessed from A. The Capstone(r) Courier B. The Decisions menu. The TQM information appears on the last page of the Capstone Courier. | References Bradley, Leo H. Are You Ready for TQM?. American School Board Journal 180.12 (1993): 28-30. YAMAMOTO, MAYUMI, YUKINORI ISOMURA, and KEIGO YASUDA. Application of Total Quality Management (TQM) for Diabetes Patient Education Class in Primary Care: Improvement of Motivation for Faculties and Blood Glucose Control Levels for Patients. Diabetes 49.5 (2000): A176-A176. Keller, Paul. Six Sigma Demystified: a self-teaching guide. McGraw-Hill, 2004. Mehra, Satish, Joyce M. Hoffman, and Danilo Sirias. TQM as a management strategy for the next millennia. International Journal of Operations Production Management 21.5/6 (2001): 855-876. Durlabhji, Subhash G., and Marcelline R. Fusilier. The empowered classroom: Applying TQM to college teaching. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 9.2 (1999): 110-115. Booth, David E. Statistical Methods for SPC and TQM. (1994): 420-421.

Free Essays on Townsend Act

The Townshend Act The Townshend Acts` repeal of the Stamp Act left Britain's financial problems unresolved. Parliament had not given up the right to tax the colonies and in 1767, at the urging of chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend, it passed the Townshend Acts, which imposed taxes on lead, glass, tea, paint, and paper that Americans imported from Britain. In an effort to strengthen its own authority and the power of royal colonial officials, Parliament, at Townshend's request, also created the American Board of Customs Commissioners whose members would strictly enforce the Navigation Acts. Revenue raised by the new tariffs would be used to free royal officials from financial dependence on colonial assemblies, thus further encroaching on colonial autonomy. Once again the colonists protested vigorously. In December 1767,John Dickinson, a Philadelphia lawyer, published 12 popular essays that reiterated the colonists' denial of Parliament's right to tax them and warned of a conspiracy by a corrupt British ministry to enslave Americans. The Sons of Liberty organized protests against customs officials, merchants entered into nonimportation agreements, and the Daughters of Liberty advocated the nonconsumption of products, such as tea, taxed by the Townshend Acts. The Massachusetts legislature sent the other colonies a circular letter condemning the Townshend Acts and calling for a united American resistance. British officials then ordered the dissolution of the Massachusetts General Court if it failed to withdraw its circular letter; the court refused, by a vote of 92 to 17, and was dismissed. The other colonial assemblies, initially reluctant to protest the acts, now defiantly signed the circular letter, outraged at British interference with a colonial legislature.In other ways, British actions again united American protest. The Board of Customs Commissioners extorted money from colonial merchants and use... Free Essays on Townsend Act Free Essays on Townsend Act The Townshend Act The Townshend Acts` repeal of the Stamp Act left Britain's financial problems unresolved. Parliament had not given up the right to tax the colonies and in 1767, at the urging of chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend, it passed the Townshend Acts, which imposed taxes on lead, glass, tea, paint, and paper that Americans imported from Britain. In an effort to strengthen its own authority and the power of royal colonial officials, Parliament, at Townshend's request, also created the American Board of Customs Commissioners whose members would strictly enforce the Navigation Acts. Revenue raised by the new tariffs would be used to free royal officials from financial dependence on colonial assemblies, thus further encroaching on colonial autonomy. Once again the colonists protested vigorously. In December 1767,John Dickinson, a Philadelphia lawyer, published 12 popular essays that reiterated the colonists' denial of Parliament's right to tax them and warned of a conspiracy by a corrupt British ministry to enslave Americans. The Sons of Liberty organized protests against customs officials, merchants entered into nonimportation agreements, and the Daughters of Liberty advocated the nonconsumption of products, such as tea, taxed by the Townshend Acts. The Massachusetts legislature sent the other colonies a circular letter condemning the Townshend Acts and calling for a united American resistance. British officials then ordered the dissolution of the Massachusetts General Court if it failed to withdraw its circular letter; the court refused, by a vote of 92 to 17, and was dismissed. The other colonial assemblies, initially reluctant to protest the acts, now defiantly signed the circular letter, outraged at British interference with a colonial legislature.In other ways, British actions again united American protest. The Board of Customs Commissioners extorted money from colonial merchants and use...

Essay on True Aboriginality

Essay on True Aboriginality Essay on True Aboriginality True Aboriginality: Sharing Values, Stories, and a Connection Sally Morgan’s novel, â€Å"My Place,† is the story of her personal journey to finding an Aboriginal Identity. She is led to this understanding of identity through many cases of storytelling: a very important Aboriginal tradition. The act of storytelling has ministered the transmission of this rich culture through time and preserved of Aboriginal identity through struggles with colonial repression. Dreamtime narratives and historical accounts have accumulated and been passed down through many generations of the Aboriginal community. These have served to maintain the integrity of the ancient Aboriginal values and beliefs which establish a deep connection between the Aboriginal people. This is the connection that Sally is searching for throughout her story and, in sharing her journey to this connection, she expresses the meaning of true Aboriginality and proves that it is much more than skin-deep. For most of her young life, Sally’s mother and grandmother, Nan, attempted to keep her true racial identity a secret from her to protect her from the callousness of misjudgment and discrimination. They lied to Sally and told her that she was Indian in hopes that she could avoid the racism that surrounded the Aboriginal people and identified them â€Å"not in terms of their positive attributes, but in terms of what they lacked: they were ‘under-developed,’ ‘primitive,’ [†¦] uneducated [†¦] ‘backward’† (Dodson 29). However, despite her early ignorance, Sally’s story remains specifically aboriginal because she was still exposed to many unpleasant aspects of her racial identity. Most of these experiences stemmed from the prejudiced stereotypes held by white Australians over Aboriginal people, which led Sally to an acute awareness of the barriers that existed between her and her lighter-skinned classmates. She recal ls how, in her first years of school, she â€Å"felt different from the other children in [her] class. They were the spick-and-span brigade, and [she], the grubby offender† (28). This ambiguous idea she had of being lower-class seemed to continually be validated throughout her life. At one point, a deacon of her church even went so far as to forbid Sally to befriend his daughter on the grounds that she was a â€Å"bad influence† (129). She still hadn’t fully come to terms with her Aboriginality, so she believed there was something wrong with her personally and didn’t understand that these incidents were effects of a larger issue of racial discrimination. She had been engaged in the Aboriginal situation all her life without fully understanding it and, as she grew older, she began to notice even more of the differences that separated her from the majority of her peers. She picked up on many of her family’s idiosyncrasies. She saw that they wer e more in touch with nature than most in the way they took many stray animals into their care and also in how her mother and Nan looked for signs in the weather. Sally noted that Nan’s â€Å"view of the spiritual world was a deeply personal one† and that â€Å"Nan influenced [her] greatly when it came to [her] attitude to the wildlife around [her]† (72, 67). This was a directly Aboriginal influence on Sally as Nan passed down the culture’s ancient value of deep spiritual connection with nature. Their family’s lifestyle was made up of many unique habits that could also be traced back to their aboriginal background. These include Nan’s preference of the â€Å"Old Cures† over modern medicine, the use of raw onions for sanitation, and their major concern with saving money. Sally states that â€Å"when it came to the economy, Mum’s and Nan’s ideas were rather peculiar† (136). Their economic fears were linked to Nan’s fear of the government because, based on the turbulent past relations between the Aboriginals and the white Australian government, Nan felt she had reason to worry that the government was untrustworthy and determined to hurt their

Cross Cultural Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cross Cultural Management - Essay Example Migration has been a chief source of growth in Australia’s population over the last few years, accounting for 44% of the population increase since 1979 Jupp (2001, p.88). Certainly, overseas immigration is the most important component in the population growth of Australia. Linguistically and culturally varied people comprise a considerable percentage of the West Australian population. The phrase â€Å"culturally and linguistically varied† refers to individuals and groups of people who differ in terms of ethnicity, religion, language and race, with an exception of people whose ancestry is Aboriginal, Anglo-Celtic or Anglo-Saxon. The widely used abbreviation for this group is CALD, â€Å"Culturally and Linguistically Diverse.† This report aims at highlighting several management issues related with diversity, especially between Malaysia and Australia. The report bases its contents on an interview conducted with the CEO of iNOVA Pharmaceutical, Andrew Howden regardin g his experiences as a CEO in Australia and other countries such as Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore. It also bases its findings and discussions on another interview with a Malaysian insider, Ralph, who was born and raised in Malaysia, but relocated to Australia. The report begins with a background analysis of iNOVA pharmaceuticals, the CaLD stakeholders and relevant information on the CALD group. What follows is a summary of the interviews’ results, stating the CEO’s and the insider’s comments, experiences and views on several management issues. The report will then offer a literature review and discussion of the results by offering more information on the role and significance of CALD on Australian business and management, and management and operations differ between Australia and Asian countries, especially Malaysia. In this section; it will focus on the benefits of having a multicultural workforce, in relation to the interview. Before concluding, the repo rt offers recommendations on how to handle problems created by diversity. 2.0 Background iNova Pharmaceuticals (Australia), is the corporate headquarters for â€Å"iNOVA* operations. The company is leading in consumer healthcare, with specialty prescription brands in over fifteen countries including Asia Pacific, New Zealand, Africa regions and Australia. The company was borne out of Riker Laboratory and 3M pharmaceutical fifty years ago, and presently maintains a broad spectrum of products as well as the ability to develop and acquire new products. Providing new opportunities and bringing new talents are fundamental to iNOVA The CALD stakeholder is Malaysia, a Southeast Asian federal constitutional monarchy. The country has a total of 13 states and three territories. Malaysia has a â€Å"freedom of religion† clause in its constitution despite maintaining Islam as its state religion. 61.3% of Malaysians practice Islam while Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hindu ism and several Chinese religions, shares the remaining percentage. Malaysian official language is Bahasa Malaysia, while English is an active second language. The country has a multilingual, multicultural and multi ethnic society. 3.0 Results a) Interview with iNOVA CEO: account and perspective In an interview with Andrew Howden, the CEO of iNova Pharmaceutical, the CEO pointed out several potential difficulties pertaining to the management of people of different cultures and religious backgrounds. The main culture in question was the Malaysian culture, with emphasis on the Muslim religion. The aim of the interview was to establish the potential difficulties that managers must overcome in order to manager people of differe

The Music Video Picasso Baby by Jay Z Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Music Video Picasso Baby by Jay Z - Essay Example The essay "The Music Video Picasso Baby by Jay Z" aims to analyze the album of Ja-Z and gives a review on his video. Picasso Baby, included in Jay Z’s album titled ‘Magna Carta Holy Grail’, is a music piece inspired by art-world icons and ‘high-status’ figures. The performance was with an interaction of an invited-only audience composed of a number of elites in the art world. Performance by artists like Marina Abramovic from the MoMA show-â€Å"The Artist is Present† graced the video. The lyrics and script relate to the video in that performance art, just like other types of arts, draws its influence from ‘stigmata effect.’ This means that he does not just perform in concerts for the audience, but engages the audience as a necessary and equal part of the performance. The piece takes place through the bodies of all the listeners, including the artist (Jay Z) himself. Picasso Baby’s performance is a manifestation of performanc e changes that Jay Z is trying to achieve. Depending upon individuals who present themselves before the performing artist, Jay Z acts a shiny surface that embodies and reflects his fans. Herein, the connection between ‘Picasso Baby’ and the works of famous artists he mentions in his lyrics is seen. Watching the video for the first time, I was drawn to the entire performance as a normal event. Using Pace Gallery as the setting also makes the whole performance questionable considering that Jay Z’s celebrity status is enough to grant him entry into the gallery.

Extinguishment of Obligation Essay Example for Free

Extinguishment of Obligation Essay SECTION 1. – Payment or Performance Art. 1232. Payment means not only the delivery of money but also the performance, in any other manner, of an obligation. (n) Art. 1233. A debt shall not be understood to have been paid unless the thing or service in which the obligation consists has been completely delivered or rendered, as the case may be. (1157) Art. 1234. If the obligation has been substantially performed in good faith, the obligor may recover as though there had been a strict and complete fulfillment, less damages suffered by the obligee. (n) Art. 1235. When the obligee accepts the performance, knowing its incompleteness or irregularity, and without expressing any protest or objection, the obligation is deemed fully complied with. (n) Art. 1236. The creditor is not bound to accept payment or performance by a third person who has no interest in the fulfillment of the obligation, unless there is a stipulation to the contrary. Whoever pays for another may demand from the debtor what he has paid, except that if he paid without the knowledge or against the will of the debtor, he can recover only insofar as the payment has been beneficial to the debtor. (1158a) Art. 1237. Whoever pays on behalf of the debtor without the knowledge or against the will of the latter, cannot compel the creditor to subrogate him in his rights, such as those arising from a mortgage, guaranty, or penalty. (1159a) Art. 1238. Payment made by a third person who does not intend to be reimbursed by the debtor is deemed to be a donation, which requires the debtor’s consent. But the payment is in any case valid as to the creditor who has accepted it. (n) Art. 1239. In obligations to give, payment made by one who does not have the free disposal of the thing due and capacity to alienate it shall not be valid, without prejudice to the provisions of Article 1427 under the Title on â€Å"Natural Obligations.† (1160a) Art. 1240. Payment shall be made to the person in whose favor the obligation has been constituted, or his successor in interest, or any person authorized to receive it. (1162a) Art. 1241. Payment to a person who is incapacitated to administer his property shall be valid if he has kept the thing delivered, or insofar as the payment has been beneficial to him. Payment made to a third person shall also be valid insofar as it has redounded to the benefit of the creditor. Such benefit to the creditor need not be proved in the following cases: (1) If after the payment, the third person acquires the creditor’s rights; (2) If the creditor ratifies the payment to the third person; (3) If by the creditor’s conduct, the debtor has been led to believe that the third person had authority to receive the payment. (1163a) Art. 1242. Payment made in good faith to any person in possession of the credit shall release the debtor. (1164) Art. 1243. Payment made to the creditor by the debtor after the latter has been judicially ordered to retain the debt shall not be valid. (1165) Art. 1244. The debtor of a thing cannot compel the creditor to receive a different one, although the latter may be of the same value as, or more valuable than that which is due. In obligations to do or not to do, an act or forbearance cannot be substituted by another act or forbearance against the obligee’s will. (1166a) Art. 1245. Dation in payment, whereby property is alienated to the creditor in satisfaction of a debt in money, shall be governed by the law of sales. (n) Art. 1246. When the obligation consists in the delivery of an indeterminate or generic thing, whose quality and circumstances have not been stated, the creditor cannot demand a thing of superior quality. Neither can the debtor deliver a thing of inferior quality. The purpose of the obligation and other circumstances shall be taken into consideration. (1167a) Art. 1247. Unless it is otherwise stipulated, the extrajudicial expenses required by the payment shall be for the account of the debtor. With regard to judicial costs, the Rules of Court shall govern. (1168a) Art. 1248. Unless there is an express stipulation to that effect, the creditor cannot be compelled partially to receive the prestations in which the obligation consists. Neither may the debtor be required to make partial payments. However, when the debt is in part liquidated and in part unliquidated, the creditor may demand and the debtor may effect the payment of the former without waiting for the liquidation of the latter. (1169a) Art. 1249. The payment of debts in money shall be made in the currency stipulated, and if it is not possible to deliver such currency, then in the currency which is legal tender in the Philippines. The delivery of promissory notes payable to order, or bills of exchange or other mercantile documents shall produce the effect of payment only when they have been cashed, or when through the fault of the creditor they have been impaired. In the meantime, the action derived from the original obligation shall be held in the abeyance. (1170) Art. 1250. In case an extraordinary inflation or deflation of the currency stipulated should supervene, the value of the currency at the time of the establishment of the obligation shall be the basis of payment, unless there is an agreement to the contrary. (n) Art. 1251. Payment shall be made in the place designated in the obligation. There being no express stipulation and if the undertaking is to deliver a determinate thing, the payment shall be made wherever the thing might be at the moment the obligation was constituted. In any other case the place of payment shall be the domicile of the debtor. If the debtor changes his domicile in bad faith or after he has incurred in delay, the additional expenses shall be borne by him. These provisions are without prejudice to venue under the Rules of Court. (1171a) SUBSECTION 1. – Application of Payments Art. 1252. He who has various debts of the same kind in favor of one and the same creditor, may declare at the time of making the payment, to which of them the same must be applied. Unless the parties so stipulate, or when the application of payment is made by the party for whose benefit the term has been constituted, application shall not be made as to debts which are not yet due. If the debtor accepts from the creditor a receipt in which an application of the payment is made, the former cannot complain of the same, unless there is a cause for invalidating the contract. (1172a) Art. 1253. If the debt produces interest, payment of the principal shall not be deemed to have been made until the interests have been covered. (1173) Art. 1254. When the payment cannot be applied in accordance with the preceding rules, or if application can not be inferred from other circumstances, the debt which is most onerous to the debtor, among those due, shall be deemed to have been satisfied. If the debts due are of the same nature and burden, the payment shall be applied to all of them proportionately. (1174a) SUBSECTION 2. – Payment by Cession Art. 1255. The debtor may cede or assign his property to his creditors in payment of his debts. This cession, unless there is stipulation to the contrary, shall only release the debtor from responsibility for the net proceeds of the thing assigned. The agreements which, on the effect of the cession, are made between the debtor and his creditors shall be governed by special laws. (1175a) SUBSECTION 3. – Tender of Payment and Consignation Art. 1256. If the creditor to whom tender of payment has been made refuses without just cause to accept it, the debtor shall be released from responsibility by the consignation of the thing or sum due. Consignation alone shall produce the same effect in the following cases: (1) When the creditor is absent or unknown, or does not appear at the place of payment; (2) When he is incapacitated to receive the payment at the time it is due; (3) When, without just cause, he refuses to give a receipt; (4) When two or more persons claim the same right to collect; (5) When the title of the obligation has been lost. (1176a) Art. 1257. In order that the consignation of the thing due may release the obligor, it must first be announced to the persons interested in the fulfillment of the obligation. The consignation shall be ineffectual if it is not made strictly in consonance with the provisions which regulate payment. (1177) Art. 1258. Consignation shall be made by depositing the things due at the disposal of judicial authority, before whom the tender of payment shall be proved, in a proper case, and the announcement of the consignation in other cases. The consignation having been made, the interested parties shall also be notified thereof. (1178) Art. 1259. The expenses of consignation, when properly made, shall be charged against the creditor. (1178) Art. 1260. Once the consignation has been duly made, the debtor may ask the judge to order the cancellation of the obligation. Before the creditor has accepted the consignation, or before a judicial declaration that the consignation has been properly made, the debtor may withdraw the thing or the sum deposited, allowing the obligation to remain in force. (1180) Art. 1261. If, the consignation having been made, the creditor should authorize the debtor to withdraw the same, he shall lose every preference which he may have over the thing. The co-debtors, guarantors and sureties shall be released. (1181a) SECTION 2. – Loss of the Thing Due Art. 1262. An obligation which consists in the delivery of a determinate thing shall be extinguished if it should be lost or destroyed without the fault of the debtor, and before he has incurred in delay. When by law or stipulation, the obligor is liable even for fortuitous events, the loss of the thing does not extinguish the obligation, and he shall be responsible for damages. The same rule applies when the nature of the obligation requires the assumption of risk. (1182a) Art. 1263. In an obligation to deliver a generic thing, the loss or destruction of anything of the same kind does not extinguish the obligation. (n) Art. 1264. The courts shall determine whether, under the circumstances, the partial loss of the object of the obligation is so important as to extinguish the obligation. (n) Art. 1265. Whenever the thing is lost in the possession of the debtor, it shall be presumed that the loss was due to his fault, unless there is proof to the contrary, and without prejudice to the provisions of article 1165. This presumption does not apply in case of earthquake, flood, storm, or other natural calamity. (1183a) Art. 1266. The debtor in obligations to do shall also be released when the prestation becomes legally or physically impossible without the fault of the obligor. (1184a) Art. 1267. When the service has become so difficult as to be manifestly beyond the contemplation of the parties, the obligor may also be released therefrom, in whole or in part. (n) Art. 1268. When the debt of a thing certain and determinate proceeds from a criminal offense, the debtor shall not be exempted from the payment of its price, whatever may be the cause for the loss, unless the thing having been offered by him to the person who should receive it, the latter refused without justification to accept it. (1185) Art. 1269. The obligation having been extinguished by the loss of the thing, the creditor shall have all the rights of action which the debtor may have against third persons by reason of the loss. (1186) SECTION 3. – Condonation or Remission of the Debt Art. 1270. Condonation or remission is essentially gratuitous, and requires the acceptance by the obligor. It may be made expressly or impliedly. One and the other kind shall be subject to the rules which govern inofficious donations. Express condonation shall, furthermore, comply with the forms of donation. (1187) Art. 1271. The delivery of a private document evidencing a credit, made voluntarily by the creditor to the debtor, implies the renunciation of the action which the former had against the latter. If in order to nullify this waiver it should be claimed to be inofficious, the debtor and his heirs may uphold it by proving that the delivery of the document was made in virtue of payment of the debt. (1188) Art. 1272. Whenever the private document in which the debt appears is found in the possession of the debtor, it shall be presumed that the creditor delivered it voluntarily, unless the contrary is proved. (1189) Art. 1273. The renunciation of the principal debt shall extinguish the accessory obligations; but the waiver of the latter shall leave the former in force. (1190) Art. 1274. It is presumed that the accessory obligation of pledge has been remitted when the thing pledged, after its delivery to the creditor, is found in the possession of the debtor, or of a third person who owns the thing. (1191a) SECTION 4. – Confusion or Merger of Rights Art. 1275. The obligation is extinguished from the time the characters of creditor and debtor are merged in the same person. (1192a) Art. 1276. Merger which takes place in the person of the principal debtor or creditor benefits the guarantors. Confusion which takes place in the person of any of the latter does not extinguish the obligation. (1193) Art. 1277. Confusion does not extinguish a joint obligation except as regards the share corresponding to the creditor or debtor in whom the two characters concur. (1194) SECTION 5. – Compensation Art. 1278. Compensation shall take place when two persons, in their own right, are creditors and debtors of each other. (1195) Art. 1279. In order that compensation may be proper, it is necessary: (1) That each one of the obligors be bound principally, and that he be at the same time a principal creditor of the other; (2) That both debts consist in a sum of money, or if the things due are consumable, they be of the same kind, and also of the same quality if the latter has been stated; (3) That the two debts be due; (4) That they be liquidated and demandable; (5) That over neither of them there be any retention or controversy, commenced by third persons and communicated in due time to the debtor. (1196) Art. 1280. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding article, the guarantor may set up compensation as regards what the creditor may owe the principal debtor. (1197) Art. 1281. Compensation may be total or partial. When the two debts are of the same amount, there is a total compensation. (n) Art. 1282. The parties may agree upon the compensation of debts which are not yet due. (n) Art. 1283. If one of the parties to a suit over an obligation has a claim for damages against the other, the former may set it off by proving his right to said damages and the amount thereof. (n) Art. 1284. When one or both debts are rescissible or voidable, they may be compensated against each other before they are judicially rescinded or avoided. (n) Art. 1285. The debtor who has consented to the assignment of rights made by a creditor in favor of a third person, cannot set up against the assignee the compensation which would pertain to him against the assignor, unless the assignor was notified by the debtor at the time he gave his consent, that he reserved his right to the compensation. If the creditor communicated the cession to him but the debtor did not consent thereto, the latter may set up the compensation of debts previous to the cession, but not of subsequent ones. If the assignment is made without the knowledge of the debtor, he may set up the compensation of all credits prior to the same and also later ones until he had knowledge of the assignment. (1198a) Art. 1286. Compensation takes place by operation of law, even though the debts may be payable at different places, but there shall be an indemnity for expenses of exchange or transportation to the place of payment. (1199a) Art. 1287. Compensation shall not be proper when one of the debts arises from a depositum or from the obligations of a depositary or of a bailee in commodatum. Neither can compensation be set up against a creditor who has a claim for support due by gratuitous title, without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 301. (1200a) Art. 1288. Neither shall there be compensation if one of the debts consists in civil liability arising from a penal offense. (n) Art. 1289. If a person should have against him several debts which are susceptible of compensation, the rules on the application of payments shall apply to the order of the compensation. (1201) Art. 1290. When all the requisites mentioned in Article 1279 are present, compensation takes effect by operation of law, and extinguishes both debts to the concurrent amount, even though the creditors and debtors are not aware of the compensation. (1202a) SECTION 6. – Novation Art. 1291. Obligations may be modified by: (1) Changing their object or principal conditions; (2) Substituting the person of the debtor; (3) Subrogating a third person in the rights of the creditor. (1203) Art. 1292. In order that an obligation may be extinguished by another which substitute the same, it is imperative that it be so declared in unequivocal terms, or that the old and the new obligations be on every point incompatible with each other. (1204) Art. 1293. Novation which consists in substituting a new debtor in the place of the original one, may be made even without the knowledge or against the will of the latter, but not without the consent of the creditor. Payment by the new debtor gives him the rights mentioned in Articles 1236 and 1237. (1205a) Art. 1294. If the substitution is without the knowledge or against the will of the debtor, the new debtor’s insolvency or non-fulfillment of the obligations shall not give rise to any liability on the part of the original debtor. (n) Art. 1295. The insolvency of the new debtor, who has been proposed by the original debtor and accepted by the creditor, shall not revive the action of the latter against the original obligor, except when said insolvency was already existing and of public knowledge, or known to the debtor, when the delegated his debt. (1206a) Art. 1296. When the principal obligation is extinguished in consequence of a novation, accessory obligations may subsist only insofar as they may benefit third persons who did not give their consent. (1207) Art. 1297. If the new obligation is void, the original one shall subsist, unless the parties intended that the former relation should be extinguished in any event. (n) Art. 1298. The novation is void if the original obligation was void, except when annulment may be claimed only by the debtor or when ratification validates acts which are voidable. (1208a) Art. 1299. If the original obligation was subject to a suspensive or resolutory condition, the new obligation shall be under the same condition, unless it is otherwise stipulated. (n) Art. 1300. Subrogation of a third person in the rights of the creditor is either legal or conventional. The former is not presumed, except in cases expressly mentioned in this Code; the latter must be clearly established in order that it may take effect. (1209a) Art. 1301. Conventional subrogation of a third person requires the consent of the original parties and of the third person. (n) Art. 1302. It is presumed that there is legal subrogation: (1) When a creditor pays another creditor who is preferred, even without the debtor’s knowledge; (2) When a third person, not interested in the obligation, pays with the express or tacit approval of the debtor; (3) When, even without the knowledge of the debtor, a person interested in the fulfillment of the obligation pays, without prejudice to the effects of confusion as to the latter’s share. (1210a) Art. 1303. Subrogation transfers to the persons subrogated the credit with all the rights thereto appertaining, either against the debtor or against third person, be they guarantors or possessors of mortgages, subject to stipulation in a conventional subrogation. (1212a) Art. 1304. A creditor, to whom partial payment has been made, may exercise his right for the remainder, and he shall be preferred to the person who has been subrogated in his place in virtue of the partial payment of the same credit. (1213)

Iraq War Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The war waged on Iraq by the United States has been the cause of heated debate all over the world. Many people have opposed the United States attack on Iraq for many viable reasons. Some of these reasons include that it is not in the best interests for the reputation of the United States with the other nations of the global community, it poses an increased threat to United States homeland security, and it will result in many unjust crimes committed by the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Going to war with Iraq will negatively affect the reputation of the United States with other countries opposing the war. These countries include Germany, France, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt, and Pakistan, to name a few. In order to be a superpower, it entails that the country maintain amicable ties with nations in strategic areas in order to facilitate goodwill and cooperation. By going to war with Iraq, the United States has put a tremendous strain on amicable ties it once had with influential countries like France, Germany, and Egypt which is not good for public relation purposes or for maintaining superpower status. Also, going to war with Iraq has put a tremendous strain on the ties between the United States and many Muslim countries. The vast majority of the Muslim world is vehemently opposed to the war, thereby fueling anger towards the United States, viewing it as unjust and overstepping its bounds. This creates a dark image of the United Sta...

Forecasting Lost Sales Case Study Essay

Carlson Department store suffered heavy damage from a hurricane on August 31. As a result the store was closed for four months, September through December. Carlson is in dispute with its insurance company regarding the lost sales for the length of time the store was closed. Section II: Problem Identification Two issues to address are the amount of sales Carlson department store would have made if there had been no hurricane and if they are entitled to any compensation for excess sales due to increased business activity after the storm. One further important factor is that eight billion dollars in federal disaster relief and insurance money came in to the county which in turn increased sales at department stores and numerous other businesses in the area. Section III: Approach: The method to be used is forecasting with seasonality in order to obtain approximate sales data for the months that Carlson was closed. Section IV: Options After reviewing different methods of forecasting and their measures of forecasting accuracy the linear forecasting method is shown to be the most effective given that the mean square error, and the mean absolute error and the mean absolute percentage error are very close to zero. *See attached Excel spreadsheet for further clarification/breakdown of forecasting methods. However, although the linear trend line can be useful it can also prove to be inappropriate for business retail sales. Real trends change their slope and intercept over time and rarely tend to follow a fixed straight line. Therefore, linear regression with seasonality will be used to determine lost sales. In the past five years Carlson’s overall monthly average for sales was 2.43375. The monthly averages for the months under consideration are as follows; September: 1.8975 October: 2.215 November: 2.775 and December: 4.1875. Approximately thirty nine percent of Carlson’s sales occur within the Sept through December months. The seasonal index as show in figure 6.7 further breaks this down. While reviewing Carlson  department store’s forecasted sales for September through December and taking into account that the time frame is during the holiday season; it is apparent that sales typically increase during this period in relation to seasonality. Section V: Conclusions/Recommendations Figure 6.6 displays the forecast of lost sales for Carlson had there been no hurricane. This table displays that Carlson is entitled to 12.43 million in lost sales for the four months that it was closed. The surrounding department stores showed a consistent increase in sales during the four listed months (September through December) as shown in figure 6.9. The amount of sales were well above what was typically forecasted (On average the surrounding department stores did 18.67 million above forecast). The amount of sales during this time frame increased by 27.03 percent. Based off of this data, Carlson should be provided additional compensation for the increase of sales they would have encountered from disaster relief funds and insurance money. Carlson would have gained an approximate increase of 3.36 million in sales, therefore making the total compensation owed to Carlson from their insurance company 15.788 million for lost sales. Section VI: Other Considerations Some other factors that may require further consideration are moving holidays, or the effect of holidays on the forecasting method. Some holidays may have changing dates which can impact more than one month in a way that depends upon the date. Section VII: Resources References Anderson, D. R., Sweeny, D., Williams, T., Cann, J., Cochran, J., Fry, M., & Ohlmann, J. (2013). Quantitative Methods For Business. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Examine The Ambiguity Of The Play S Conclusion Essay

When the audience does not receive a rounded story, and causality is being blurred the effect of a play can be unsettling, suggesting the presence of an unsolved situation. Although in the case of Death And The Maiden ambiguity is used in an unusual, opposite way where the created effect is best described by calmness and acquiescence. Does Paulina kill Roberto, or does she let him stay alive? Is Roberto really there in the theatre or is he just a fantasy? Leaving these questions open is very provocative. For the first sight the reader might feel intimidated, that the  foundations for any interpretation are removed, there are so few facts to start from. Because as he might discovered from the context before there is a symbolism, that one can associate characters with the people of post Pinochet Chile, or people of any country in a state of healing. But then how does this symbolism work? It does not say too much about the ways of reconciliation, and what is more that even if it does so it feels like an analytical dead end. Because it says that no matter in what ways you try to set yourself free of trauma, by revenge or by forgiveness the outcome will be the same, Roberto or his phantom  will always be there. This provocative nature of ambiguity forces the reader to look for new explanations. And where is the solution to be found if not in the book’s yet least understood part, in its title. What is death and the maiden for the reader? It can be the Schubert piece, or a motif that manifests itself in arts and literature from the medieval ages. But most importantly it is the motif for the universal presence of death. And suddenly all makes sense, Dorfman does not intend to intimidate the reader azzal, hogy azt mondja nincs megoldas a tramumaval valo megkuzdesre.

James Ensors Intrigue Essays

James Ensors Intrigue Essays James Ensors Intrigue Essay James Ensors Intrigue Essay When I first looked at The Intrigue by James Ensor, I knew that it would be the painting that I did my research paper on. Before entering the museum, I was thought that it would be very difficult for me to write a 5 page paper on one work of art but after stepping into the Minneapolis Institute of Art, I changed my mind immediately. There were so many beautiful works there that, at first, I was overwhelmed. I was really glad that we decided to go to the MIA at the last minute. We were going to go to the Walker, but, The MIA is free and I haven’t been there in a long time. We walked through the Middle Eastern art section first, which was ok, but not really my taste. Then we got into more of the modern works of art and some of them were pretty interesting. That is when I saw the Intrigue for the first time. My girlfriend thought it was really ugly. I thought that it was beautiful. I thought it was really cool how there were so many different characters in the painting. I also liked how the characters looked strange and a little frightening. I thought the background about the painting was very interesting as well, but I will get into that later. First I would like to share a little about the life and time of James Ensor. Piper 2 Baron James (Sidney Eduard) Ensor was a Belgian artist who lived from 1860-1949. (Wikipedia 2010) He spent almost his whole life in his home town Ostend Belgium and he was trained as a painter in Brussels. He Joined a group called Les XX (The 20). The Les XX brought in works from contemporary French artists into Brussels and fought for more artistic freedom. His early works used dimmer colors and were more of the realist style. (The Art of Being Human 152)Many of his later works have depictions of skeletons, masks, phantoms and demons. He was a cynical man who became more so with age. I would say that he was a rebel of his time. He hated the socialite culture of Belgium and showed it through his works. His works were negatively criticized plunging him deeper into withdrawal from society and he became a recluse. He saw Impressionists as â€Å"superficial daubers†. That being said, he was still very concerned with the effects of light. Ensor’s works have been categorized as Symbolism, Expressionism, Realism, and Surrealism. (A Beginners Guide to the Humanities 10) You can’t really put him into one category but if you had to he would be an Expressionist. One of his most famous works, The Entry of Christ into Brussels (1888), was a very controversial work in his time. He depicted Christ riding into Brussels on an ass and a crowd greeting him as he rode in. He wanted the people in the crowd to look materialistic and the upper class to look like they were trying to make a buck off the deal. There were socialist banners and advertisements for mustard all around. This piece includes his masks such as the clown, a skeleton, a witch, and a fraud. It is a very busy Piper 3 work with much to be analyzed. The people in the bottom right corner seem to be conspiring. Not even his group, Les XX, would exhibit it and continued to reject his controversial work. Ensor’s only contact with the outside world was through his art, much like Van Gogh. His dark feelings can be seen in his works. Even his still life and landscapes have been said to have a foreboding quality filled with Ensor’s sadistic, erotic and painful vision. The Intrigue was painted in 1911 in Ostend, Belgium. This is oil on canvas. The scale of this painting is rather large, 35 7/16 x 59 1/16. The shape is rectilinear with straight strokes throughout the painting. The lines are vertical, horizontal and diagonal. There are many colors in this painting, from the light blue of the sky, to the bright green of the woman’s dress. His use of reds in contrast to the green is also notable. He uses pinks for the faces and details them with blotchy reds and red lips. He also uses yellows and different shades of brown. The composition is fairly symmetrical left and right and the characters seem to be either standing still or moving forward. The use of light in this painting to me is well balanced with some light reflecting off of the faces and the man’s hat. The pattern in this piece is that every one is wearing masks which are very symbolic but I will get into this later. The unity comes from the faces of the people and I think a finishing touch is the Skull like demon representing death in the left side. Piper 4 The subject in this painting is the engagement of Ensor’s sister to a Chinese art trader from Berlin, Germany. (Artsnet Minnesota 2010) It shows the small minded towns people ridiculing her with racial hatred and prejudice. They are pointing and laughing at her. The woman in the foreground looks like she is holding a Chinese doll and pointing and laughing. The others are safely hidden in their masks laughing and making fun of the couple. This was a big scandal at the time in such a small town where interracial marriages were not accepted as they are today. There is a lot of symbolism in this painting. The masks symbolize different things. The masks of His sister, Mariette and Tan Hee Tseu (Minneapolis Institute of Art) protect them from the crowd while the masks of the tormenters allow them to say what they will without fear of retribution. (Artsnet Minnesota 2010) They symbolize the ugliness of the hearts of the people who are viciously attacking the couple. The depiction of the skull like figure on the left side symbolizes death. The thick paint in the sky symbolizes turmoil and doom. The psychological aspect of this painting is to show us the injustice faced by his sister and to make us part of the painting. It almost feels like the people are pointing and teasing you when you look at it because of how it bring you in to the painting. The death figure is to try to instill fear into you in this painting and the odd masks are kind of terrifying. It is meant to be a scary painting that is shocking and make you think about the injustice these people faced. Piper 5 Ensor had a disgust for the inhumanity in the world. He despised the aristocratic society and the socialist government. His paintings show the ugliness of people and how greedy we can be. I think that he felt that life was really unfair and was sad that people treated others the way that they did. I really feel bad for him. Even his own group abandoned him and wouldn’t show his work. I believe that is why he became a recluse. As for my own thoughts on this painting, I loved it. It really inspired me to look at more art. I like the style of the artist and his thick brush strokes that seem to have excess paint on them. It is a very textural painting. It looks like it was painted with a lot of anger and distain. I think that my favorite character in this painting is the guy on the far right with the yellow hat on. He is very strange looking and has a detached jaw. I really would like to know what the inspiration was to paint this character. He has a very strange look on his face like he isn’t quite sure that he likes what he is doing or that he is regretful. I think that the hat he is wearing makes me wonder if he might be a farmer. He doesn’t look like any of the other people in this picture which makes me wonder why. The other characters I like in this painting are the guy who is in the back left. He looks like he is holding a cape open and is giving us a very menacing look. I would almost say he looks like a vampire. I also like the guy below him he looks a little like a troll and is wearing a strange horned hat. He seems to be breathing something out which I have determined is laughter. Piper 6 I think that the most interesting aspect to this work of art is the skeletal image painted in the same color as the sky. I almost missed it the first time I looked at the painting. It is a really frightening looking skull making a fist. The eyes grip you with terror. I think that it is a warning to the people that bad things will happen to them. Maybe it is a wish by Ensor that they will go to hell or be taken to their death for their inhumane treatment of others. Piper 7 1. Bishop, Phillp E. A Beginner’s Guide to The Humanities. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall 2010. Print 2. Janaro, Richard and Thelma Altshuler. The Art of Being Human. New York: Pearson Longman. Print 3. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN 2010. Print 4. Artsnet Minnesota. James Ensor Intrigue, About the Art. Web. 2010 5. Wikipedia. James Ensor. Web. 2010

Quotes from Life on the Mississippi by Mark Twain

Quotes from Life on the Mississippi by Mark Twain Life on the Mississippi is a memoir by Mark Twain. In it, he describes his many adventures and experiences on the river, with its history, features, etc. Here are a few quotes from the book: Quotes From Chapter 1 The Mississippi is well worth reading about. It is not a commonplace river, but on the contrary is in all ways remarkable. Considering the Missouri its main branch, it is the longest river in the worldfour thousand three hundred miles. It seems safe to say that it is also the crookedest river in the world, since in one part of its journey it uses up one thousand three hundred miles to cover the same ground that the crow would fly over in six hundred and seventy-five.The world and the books are so accustomed to use, and over-use, the word new in connection with our country, that we early get and permanently retain the impression that there is nothing old about it. Quotes From Chapters 3 and 4 Sired by a hurricane, damd by an earthquake.Ch. 3When Im playful I use the meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude for a seine, and drag the Atlantic Ocean for whales! I scratch my head with the lightning, and purr myself to sleep with the thunder!Ch. 3Now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates.Ch. 4 Quotes From Chapters 6 and 7 I was gratified to be able to answer promptly and I did. I said I didnt know.Ch. 6Your true pilot cares nothing about anything on earth but the river, and his pride in his occupation surpasses the pride of kings.Ch. 7By the Shadow of Death, but hes a lightning pilot!Ch. 7 Quotes From Chapters 8 and 9 Here is a proud devil, thought I; here is a limb of Satan that would rather send us all to destruction than put himself under obligations to me, because I am not yet one of the salt of the earth and privileged to snub captains and lord it over everything dead and alive in a steamboat.Ch. 8I felt like a skinful of dry bones and all of them trying to ache at once.Ch. 8You can depend on it, Ill learn him or kill him.Ch. 8The face of the water, in time, became a wonderful booka book that was a dead language to the uneducated passenger, but which told its mind to me without reserve, delivering its most cherished secrets as clearly as if it uttered them with a voice. And it was not a book to be read once and thrown aside, for it had a new story to tell every day.Ch. 9 Quotes From Chapter 17 In the space of one hundred and seventy-six years the Lower Mississippi has shortened itself two hundred and forty-two miles. That is an average of a trifle over one mile and a third per year. Therefore, any calm person, who is not blind or idiotic, can see that in the Old OÃ ¶litic Silurian Period, just a million years ago next November, the Lower Mississippi River was upwards of one million three hundred thousand miles long, and stuck out over the Gulf of Mexico like a fishing rod. And by the same token any person can see that seven hundred and forty-two years from now the Lower Mississippi will be only a mile and three quarters long, and Cairo and New Orleans will have joined their streets together, and be plodding comfortably along under a single mayor and a mutual board of aldermen. There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture out of such a trifling investment of fact. Quotes From Chapter 23 Give an Irishman lager for a month, and hes a dead man. An Irishman is lined with copper, and the beer corrodes it. But whiskey polishes the copper and is the saving of him, sir. Quotes From Chapters 43-46 Ive worked up a business here that would satisfy any man, dont care who he is. Five years ago, lodged in an attic; live in a swell house now, with a mansard roof, and all the modern inconveniences.Ch. 43I found the half-forgotten Southern intonations and elisions as pleasing to my ear as they had formerly been. A Southerner talks music. At least it is music to me, but then I was born in the South. The educated Southerner has no use for an r, except at the beginning of a word.Ch. 44In the South the war is what A.D. is elsewhere; they date from it.Ch. 45War talk by men who have been in a war is always interesting; whereas moon talk by a poet who has not been in the moon is likely to be dull.Ch. 45Sir Walter [Scott] had so large a hand in making Southern character, as it existed before the war, that he is in great measure responsible for the war.Ch. 46 Quotes From Chapter 52 The letter was a pure swindle, and that is the truth. And take it by and large, it was without a compeer among swindles. It was perfect, it was rounded, symmetrical, complete, colossal!

ISMG 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ISMG 3000 - Essay Example Debbi’s passionate zeal for baking and Randy’s business sense was complementary for starting a successful business. Hence, Debbi and Randy would seem to have reasonable future for each other. Debbi’s cookies were very much in demand amongst Randy’s clients which inspired Debbi to start an independent business of selling cookies. Debbi had confidence on her expertise in making mouth watering cookies which had always been very popular amongst her relatives. She was therefore able to convince her husband, Randy for starting a cookie business. Her main goal was to bake great cookies and make customers feel good. Thus, it was important for her to create an ambience of caring that would attract customers and provide them with quality cookies to make them feel good. On the other hand, Randy’s goal was to develop an enviable corporate structure with state of the art information technology that would help run the various operations smoothly. His goal was to exploit technology to optimize information flow within and across stores so that effective decision making could be based on informed choice. He strongly believed that machines must relieve people of mundane task and make them free to exploit their creativity in ways that would benefit the business like selling cookies directly to customers and giving personal touch. Debbi was in dilemma while opening her second store of Mrs. Fields’ Cookies. She loved baking cookies and strongly believed that personal involvement was an important part of running successful cookie business. She was afraid of delegating and thought that it might lower the quality of her cookies and most importantly, she would not be able to interact with her customers. Thus, the dilemma was genuine as she could not be in both the places at the same time. Her management style was fundamentally based on the simple principle that if one believes in something, one would be more convincing. Hence,

Capstone Experience (Strategy and Alignment) 1 Assignment

Capstone Experience (Strategy and Alignment) 1 - Assignment Example ot given the authority nor the responsibility to address customers’ complaints, the process of resolving these issues would be delayed and would cause dissatisfaction. In the current process, whenever there are customers who complain, the issue is elevated to the supervisor or manager for the needed decision. The structural misalignment using the RAEW tool is responsibility without authority (Strategy and Alignment, 2014). As emphasized in the RAEW tool, the â€Å"technique is intended to clarify to people the part they play in performing a specific business function within the enterprise† (YouSigma, 2008, p. 1). Thus, it identified the role and responsibilities of the customer service representative and those tasks outside of their jurisdiction. The misalignment could be fixed with clearer policies and procedures regarding addressing customers’ complaints. The organization could determine the usual complaints encountered in their work setting and determine the appropriate ways to address these. Thus, routine complaints could be addressed directly by the customer service representatives without referring the matter to their supervisors. In this regard, resolution to customers’ complaints would be immediate and

Adam Smith During the Scottish Enlightenment Research Paper

Adam Smith During the Scottish Enlightenment - Research Paper Example On graduating, he successfully delivered a number of public lectures at Edinburgh. Those lectures led him eventually to cooperation with David Hume during the period of Scottish Enlightenment. Sharing both rationalist and humanist outlook of the European Enlightenment of the same epoch, the key thinkers and doers of Scottish Enlightenment maintained the fundamental importance of the reason combined with a rejection of all the authorities that cannot be vindicated by reason. They clang to an optimistic belief in the ability of a man to make changes for the better in both nature and social life, being guided solely by the reason. It was this very feature that added the Scottish Enlightenment the peculiar flavor that has distinguished it from its counterpart from over the Continent. Furthermore, Scottish Enlightenment was characterized by an extremely thorough empiricism and practically where the main virtues were held to be a practical benefit, improvement, and virtue itself of both societies a whole and an individual. By the middle of the 18th century, Scots had become hardly the most literate nation of Europe. Its level of literacy was estimated as high as 75%. Yet it was not many of them who were making Enlightenment. The whole culture of that time Scotland was oriented to books so spirited discussions were held at such places of intellectual gatherings as The Select Society and The Poker Club. Those places, in fact, were crucibles from which lots of ideas distinguishing Scottish Enlightenment developed. When teaching moral philosophy at Glasgow Smith received a chair, and during within this period of time, he published his work The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Later he received a tutoring position allowing him to travel over Europe where he used to meet other prominent intellectuals of the Enlightenment epoch.  

Managing cultural diversity in hospitality industry Essay Example for Free

Managing cultural diversity in hospitality industry Essay Throughout human history, hospitality has made a great and significant impact on all cultures. The events in Sundiata and The Odyssey both show how the importance of hospitality can influence or determine one’s fate. For instance, Odysseus fate, which states that he will be returned home to be with his family, is impacted by Telemachus hospitality towards Athena. Similarly, in Sundiata, hospitality plays a major role in his path towards founding the empire. Although hospitality was a vital custom in older transitions, they also varied and were carried out differently in both books. In present-day hospitality was treated as simply a small act of kindness towards the guest, whereas in ancient times it was an unwritten law. â€Å"Straight to the door he came, irked with himself to think a visitor had been kept there waiting, and took her right hand, grasping with his left her tall bronze bladed spear. Then he said warmly: â€Å"Greetings, stranger! Welcome to our feast. There will come time to tell your errand later.† (1: 150-155)†As one can see, those who were being entertained expected to be provided with food, shelter and the basic needs. Telemachus offered these services without questioning his guest’s background and identity. In addition, Telemachus sincerity portrays him as a trustworthy and excellent host, despite having little left to offer from Penelope’s suitors. This contributed to the success of Odysseus fate, which was determined by the Gods that he would return home safely to be with his family. â€Å"The tale was that your father had come home, therefore I came. I see the gods delay him but never in this world is Odysseus dead – only detained somewhere on the wide sea (1: 238-239).† Furthermore, if Telemachus had failed to honor and acknowledge Athena disguised as the mortal Mendes, then she would not offer to guide Telemachus in bringing his father home, as well as, give him the knowledge and assertiveness needed to fulfill the fate of Odysseus. In fact, the legend of The Odyssey would never be known today, considering Odysseus would not make it home without the guidance and protection of Athena, together with the support of Telemachus. Similarly, Sundiata’s fate was already predicted before he was born and it was told that he would be one of the great rulers of Mali. Hospitality also plays a major role in his path towards founding the empire. For instance, when Sundiata and his family were exiled, they searched for places to stay but when they visited Mema, the King’s sister welcomed them lavishly. â€Å"A great escort was sent to meet the travelers and a proper reception was held before Mema (Niane 36).† In addition, â€Å"The whole Mema was at the city gate and you would have thought it was the King’s homecoming (Niane 36).† This depicts hospitality at its peak. Moreover, because Sundiata’s family was welcomed into the palace, he was given the opportunity to meet the King who was a great warrior and admired strength. Hence, the king trained and taught Sundiata to fight in an army and enhanced his intelligence, which in turn helped towards achieving his destiny – ru ling the Mali Empire. Had Sundiata not been welcomed into the palace, he would not have gained the wisdom to fight in an army and acquired the principles of a king, which once again, paved the way to making his fate an actual reality. Although hospitality was a vital custom in older transitions, they also varied and were carried out differently. Sundiata escaped death at the hands of his host, Mansa Konkon and the guest-host relationship was changed. However, Sundiata did not show any hatred or anger towards his host. Rather, he responded in a kind and intelligent way to show the king that he is above all the deception. â€Å"No king, do not accuse anybody (Niane 30), Sundiata also said, â€Å"It is nearly up to three months I have been living with you and you have never up to now suggested a game of word (Niane 30-31).† Whereas, in the Odyssey, the suitors were being a nuisance to Telemachus and Penelope, which led to them both showing their anger towards each other. To demonstrate, it was mentioned, â€Å"Go feasting elsewhere, consume your own stores. Turn and turn about, use one another’s house (2: 424-426).† Sundiata showed respect towards his host despite all the threats, anger and plan to end his life, whereas Telemachus vented his anger towards the suitors as they did to him. Though different, the events in both these books eventually influenced the fate of both characters in the long run.